My fake advert

I have created fake adverts to prove that news could be altered to captivates the audience and role in more views as the sites are monetized.

IPSO RULES

IPSO RULES 

1. Accuracy

i) The Press must take care not to publish inaccurate, misleading or distorted information or images, including headlines not supported by the text.

ii) A significant inaccuracy, misleading statement or distortion must be corrected, promptly and with due prominence, and — where appropriate — an apology published. In cases involving IPSO, due prominence should be as required by the regulator.

2. *Privacy

i) Everyone is entitled to respect for his or her private and family life, home, health and correspondence, including digital communications.

ii) Editors will be expected to justify intrusions into any individual's private life without consent. 

iii) It is unacceptable to photograph individuals, without their consent, in public or private places where there is a reasonable expectation of privacy.

3. *Harassment

i) Journalists must not engage in intimidation, harassment or persistent pursuit.

ii) They must not persist in questioning, telephoning, pursuing or photographing individuals once asked to desist; nor remain on property when asked to leave and must not follow them. 

4. Intrusion into grief or shock

In cases involving personal grief or shock, enquiries and approaches must be made with sympathy and discretion and publication handled sensitively. These provisions should not restrict the right to report legal proceedings.

5. *Reporting Suicide

When reporting suicide, to prevent simulative acts care should be taken to avoid excessive detail of the method used, while taking into account the media's right to report legal proceedings.

6. *Children

i) All pupils should be free to complete their time at school without unnecessary intrusion.

ii) They must not be approached or photographed at school without permission of the school authorities.

iii) Children under 16 must not be interviewed or photographed on issues involving their own or another child’s welfare unless a custodial parent or similarly responsible adult consents.

iv) Children under 16 must not be paid for material involving their welfare, nor parents or guardians for material about their children or wards, unless it is clearly in the child's interest.

7. *Children in sex cases

The press must not, even if legally free to do so, identify children under 16 who are victims or witnesses in cases involving sex offences.

In any press report of a case involving a sexual offence against a child -

i) The child must not be identified.

ii) The adult may be identified.

iii) The word "incest" must not be used where a child victim might be identified.

iv)  Care must be taken that nothing in the report implies the relationship between the accused and the child.

8. *Hospitals

i) Journalists must identify themselves and obtain permission from a responsible executive before entering non-public areas of hospitals or similar institutions to pursue enquiries.

ii) The restrictions on intruding into privacy are particularly relevant to enquiries about individuals in hospitals or similar institutions.

9. *Reporting of Crime

i) Relatives or friends of persons convicted or accused of crime should not generally be identified without their consent, unless they are genuinely relevant to the story.

ii) Particular regard should be paid to the potentially vulnerable position of children who witness, or are victims of, crime. This should not restrict the right to report legal proceedings.

10. Victims of sexual assault

The press must not identify victims of sexual assault or publish material likely to contribute to such identification unless there is adequate justification and they are legally free to do so.

11. Discrimination

i) The press must avoid prejudicial or pejorative reference to an individual's, race, colour, religion, sex, gender identity, sexual orientation or to any physical or mental illness or disability.

ii) Details of an individual's race, colour, religion, gender identity, sexual orientation, physical or mental illness or disability must be avoided unless genuinely relevant to the story.

12. Financial journalism

i) Even where the law does not prohibit it, journalists must not use for their own profit financial information they receive in advance of its general publication, nor should they pass such information to others.

ii) They must not write about shares or securities in whose performance they know that they or their close families have a significant financial interest without disclosing the interest to the editor or financial editor.

iii) They must not buy or sell, either directly or through nominees or agents, shares or securities about which they have written recently or about which they intend to write in the near future.

13. Confidential sources

Journalists have a moral obligation to protect confidential sources of information.

14. Witness payments in criminal trials

i) No payment or offer of payment to a witness – or any person who may reasonably be expected to be called as a witness – should be made in any case once proceedings are active. This prohibition lasts until the suspect has been freed unconditionally by police without charge or bail or the proceedings are otherwise discontinued; or has entered a guilty plea to the court; or, in the event of a not guilty plea, the court has announced its verdict.

*ii)  unless the information concerned ought demonstrably to be published in the public interest and there is an over-riding need to  make or promise payment for this to be done; and all reasonable steps have been taken to ensure  no financial dealings influence the evidence those witnesses give. In no circumstances should such payment be conditional on the outcome of a trial.

*iii) Any payment or offer of payment made to a person later cited to give evidence in proceedings must be disclosed to the prosecution and defence. The witness must be advised of this requirement.

15. *Payment to criminals

i) Payment or offers of payment for stories, pictures or information, which seek to exploit a particular crime or to glorify or glamorise crime in general, must not be made directly or via agents to convicted or confessed criminals or to their associates – who may include family, friends and colleagues.

ii) Editors invoking the public interest to justify payment or offers would need to demonstrate that there was good reason to believe the public interest would be served. If, despite payment, no public interest emerged, then the material should not be published.

The Public Interest

1. The public interest includes, but is not confined to:

• Detecting or exposing crime, or the threat of crime, or serious impropriety.
• Protecting public health or safety.
• Protecting the public from being misled by an action or statement of an individual or organisation.
• Disclosing a person or organisation’s failure or likely failure to comply with any obligation to which they are subject.
• Disclosing a miscarriage of justice.
• Raising or contributing to a matter of public debate, including serious cases of impropriety, unethical conduct or incompetence concerning the public.
• Disclosing concealment, or likely concealment, of any of the above.

2. There is a public interest in freedom of expression itself.

5 Core principles of journalism

Ethics-Moral principles that govern a person's behavior or the conducting of an activity.
Truth & accuracy- Truth is most often used to mean in accord with fact or reality. Accuracy is the quality of being true, but includes the element of being correct, precise or exact. 
Self regulation-The fact of something such as an organization regulating itself without intervention from external bodies
Public interest -For the good of the public

5 Core principles of journalism

1. Truth and Accuracy

Journalists cannot always guarantee ‘truth’, but getting the facts right is the cardinal principle of journalism. We should always strive for accuracy, give all the relevant facts we have and ensure that they have been checked. When we cannot corroborate information we should say so.

2. Independence

Journalists must be independent voices; we should not act, formally or informally, on behalf of special interests whether political, corporate or cultural. We should declare to our editors – or the audience – any of our political affiliations, financial arrangements or other personal information that might constitute a conflict of interest.

3. Fairness and Impartiality

Most stories have at least two sides. While there is no obligation to present every side in every piece, stories should be balanced and add context. Objectivity is not always possible, and may not always be desirable (in the face for example of brutality or inhumanity), but impartial reporting builds trust and confidence.

4. Humanity

Journalists should do no harm. What we publish or broadcast may be hurtful, but we should be aware of the impact of our words and images on the lives of others.

5. Accountability

A sure sign of professionalism and responsible journalism is the ability to hold ourselves accountable. When we commit errors we must correct them and our expressions of regret must be sincere not cynical. We listen to the concerns of our audience. We may not change what readers write or say but we will always provide remedies when we are unfair.

---

Tabloid vs Broadsheet (Powerpoint)

The two newspapers contrasted as they both showed stories with similarities however they used different formats to show the importance of that in particular article for example the Time had  more writing about political issues which would be on a double page spread where as when the Daily Mail would have a political issue that would either be put on half a page with another story of common interest this is composition which was used often in this newspaper or the story would have a small section therefore what both newspapers saw as newsworthy was according to their demographic.

Paywalls

Q. What does David Simon mean by ‘slow suicide’?

It’s the danger about what's happening to newspapers. The whole industry will continue to collapse until everyone swallows hard and goes behind a paywall.

Q What does he mean by saying anti-paywall people “don’t understand the first thing about actual journalism”?

That people who oppose the idea of paywall are ignorant as they don't see the value in news and that the value should be paid for.

Q. What does he mean by “journalism is a profession”?

It's a career which needs skills. He speaks about how people live off the profession therefore people should pay for the content.

Q. What do you think made 1 million people pay for the NYT(New York Times)?

 They incorporated added values to their newspapers so this way readers felt as though they were getting their moneys worth. Additionally they could have showcased stories with alot of news coverage where as free networks may not have given the story in extensive detail.

Against

Q. What does he mean by “Band-Aid to cover a bullet hole”?

He means the technique in which industries don't show the whole story they only show a little bit in order to captivate and encourage readers to pay to read on.

Your only allowed to read a certain amount of context before the paywall stops you from further reading.

Q. How much would you pay for Facebook (or any other social network)? Why this much?
I would pay a small amount because i use a lot of social media platforms.

Q. What would make you pay to read a newspaper? (Value-added content)
Stories that were controversial and apply to my my own life or content that effect me personally.
Exp. the change of exam boards and how that would affect the generation that would sit that paper.

 In your own words put together a 200 – 300 word argument IN FAVOUR of Paywalls – to try to convince a young person who has never paid for a newspaper. 

I believe that paywall is a good idea because journalism is a profession, and their content should be paid for just as well if you were to pay for a book to read someone's content.
paywall simply means that you are paying to read content that may be beneficial and informative, essentially you are paying for quality that no other online newspaper can present to you. The added value of quality & unique content means that you aren't receiving information that anyone else can obtain through other platforms simply by searching moreover  you have access to stories that have been covered in depth for your personal interest. Furthermore, knowing what is occurring in society today is important as everyone should have a political view and say on a situation that may affect yourself or others, therefore if you were to decide not to pay for a small fee for news, this would make you ignorant to the news or in knowledge to back up your beliefs.

News corporation

Who are News Corp, and who were they?

The original News Corporation or News Corp. was an American multinational mass media corporation

Who is Rupert Murdoch and why are people scared of him?

Murdoch owns many corporations On 1 July 2015, Murdoch left his post as CEO of 21st Century Fox.Murdoch and his family own both 21st Century Fox and News Corp through the Murdoch Family Trust.

Murdoch inherited his father's papers, the Sunday Mail and the News, and continued to purchase other media outlets over the years. In the 1970s, he started buying American newspapers.

People are scared of Murdoch because of the persuasive power he has furthermore the effect in which he could have on British news outlet because of the scandal that one of his news papers were involved i because of hacking.

What is media plurality? And why do we need it?

Media plurality is about the information that people consume on a daily basis, which informs their views and perspective on the world giving a diversity of viewpoints availability and consumed across the different media platforms.

Which news values apply in the story? (Essay)

I will be looking at the Grenfell Tower article; the article that I have chosen is an individual's account of the event, this account was written as a story in order to captivate the audience. I have chosen to use this story because it follows the idea of news values and what is considered worthy enough to be published along with other components of news. 

Narrative has been used in this article to underline and emphasise the importance of the incident in detail the story spoke specifically about a mother and a son’s loss, escape and their life beforehand. This was done to explore the characters further so that it feels as though the readers knew them before which will allow them to sympathise more with the article, the effect of using narrative means that the consumers feel a connection to the text captivating their interest causing them to share the media on other platforms promoting a participatory culture and pro-consumers this is positive for the Daily Mail because this means that their content is shared and spoken about ensuing more viewers which would effectively give them more revenue as their site is monetised. The Daily mail used images of the family with a short description underneath this was done to intensify the situation and to also give the readers some insight into the family before the incident. 

Galtung & Ruge’s theory has also been incorporated into the article the two components that are present are threshold and proximity. Threshold is significant because the story was widely covered and hit the nation because of the lives that were lost or effected, the Grenfell Tower incident was covered across many platforms and because there weren’t many individual accounts meaning that The Daily Mail saw a gap in the news coverage and engaged with the viewers interests additionally, because it's such a big news story people want to know what's going on therefore the combination of narrative and threshold targets this. Furthermore, the proximity of the article underlines how favored the story was as it involves a western developing country this projects Gilroy's theory of otherness, this theory basically speaks about how the media covers stories that are closer to home not geographically but in values etc. around that time a storm had lashed out into cape town in South Africa  where lives were greatly affected and lost like those of Grenfell, there wasn't coverage on that because ideologically it's not close to home. Therefore, proving that news is only seen as worthy if it affects countries with similarities or in that country, also for me to find the information about South Africa i had to do in depth research on issues that happened around the same period of Grenfell but because there was so much coverage on Grenfell this made it hard, further proving how significant and covered the issue was to the western world linking into frequency.

Additionally, the fact that the Daily Mail have used this story to represent Grenfell is significant as the boy in the story is a graduate in a respectful profession which makes him immediately look responsible, therefore people would use him as a part of a representation for Grenfell.
The following proves that what is seen as news worthy is mostly based off of the impact and how ideologically close it is as a result making the coverage on that specific issue to be greater than that of an issue in South Africa.

Uk news coverage (Aljazeera H/W)

The statistics in the Aljazeera do not compare to the statistics that are shown in UK news as the coverage of terrorist attack is shown to have impacted Asia more, showing Pakistan to be the greatly affected country. The article further explains how western Europe accounted for only a small proportion of the total bloodshed which was signified to have effected Europe more, when in actuality that was not the case. I do not believe this is fair because, the news has been manipulated and showcased to the western population to be effecting them more which is bias because it's not covering the whole truth and the statistics which effect other countries therefore this follows the idea of otherness. This story would not be covered in the UK because it doesn't effect the UK therefore the industry will not see the need to broadcast this as it's not seen as newsworthy.

How and why I consume the news ? (Table)

I consume the news through social media, this is because i find it easier to access the news on the go as it's always accessible to me through out the day; following news on social media is also easier because i could read a specific article without having to flick through pages, linking back to the easy access.
I use various social media platforms such Instagram, Twitter and Safari; i use these because you're able to repost and see what other peoples views are on a particular topic in the news this makes it more interesting because it becomes a shared discussion rather than me just reading the particular article by myself. I consume the news because it's interesting to know what is going on in my country or other countries, giving me an insight in situations that are occurring or have occurred.
I dont buy newspapers because there are other platforms like social media which allows free on the go access to the news. I have obtained information from non news sites, i find that sometimes the news could be manipulated to be something else and its not always truthful.

What newspapers can do to increase revenue & views on their newspapers.	Pros	Cons
Hire more journalists to cover a bigger range of events.	this would mean that there are more stories being covered which means there's more content being published.	the content may not attract a mass audience as intended which means that the company has wasted money on more journalist.
Decrease price of newspaper (or make it free)	making it more affordable for people compared to other newspapers would increase consumers chance of buying the specific companies newspaper. by making it free this means that the newspaper could make more money off of advertisement by using native advertising as an example.	other companies have their news papers for free which means that people may just take those newspapers insead therefore this means that the newspaper company has lost money.
Put up ‘paywall’	people would be paying for your content according to your terms.	people will not pay therefore heyd look for alternatives because people may not agree that they should pay monthly etc to know what is happening in the world.
Make journalists tweet more.	this would keep people up to date on what is being done.	-this could be annoying & people may no care. -time consuming for the journalist.
Put more ‘sponsored content’ online and in your paper.	companies could benefit from this as well as the newspaper gaining profits from this.	alot of the content could be sponsored which means consumers don't get the news they were hoping for.
Increase cost of paper	more money would be coming in.	consumers could look a alternatives.
Shut down your paper (go online only)	People use the internet more so his would allow more accessible and easy content. Also the company could charge more for advertisements.	as technology has increased people can use advertisement blockers.

The two ideas that i believe are sufficient enough to generate more views and money are to go online and to shut down the newspaper &  to put more sponsored content online, these two ideas are the best in my opinion because the media industry has evolved and so have consumers. Having online content is easy to access which means that anyone can access it at their own time additionally there are many people that use media today to retrieve information.
One idea which i believe to be completely inefficient would be to hire more journalist this is because it's  not definite that the increase in content will attract people or increase profits when in actuality you are losing profits if it doesn't meet your goal.